Soil also provides a place to store water and gives support for plant roots. Land use and topographic attributes affected many of the. Characterization and classification of soils of yikalo. Essp outcome note 06 september 2015 the right fertilizer for ethiopias soils in ethiopia, farmers are likely to benefit from the new soil maps which will help improve their land management practices on which their livelihoods depend. The most common form of land degradation in ethiopia is soil erosion by water. Two common soils types that can be problematic in ethiopia are nitisols and. Land degradation, owing mainly to poor land management and high population density, is the main cause of ethiopias low agricultural productivity and vulnerability to drought. Ethiopia, situated in the horn of africa, has a population of nearly 90 million and a surface area of 1. More information about soil testing can be found in developing a soil test extractant.
The ethiopian soil sector is currently affected by multiple issues. Universal soil classification system a working group under commission 1. The article shows results of an international and interdisciplinary project with the title rainfall and its erosivity in ethiopia. Fertilizer and soil fertility potential in ethiopia constraints and opportunities for enhancing the system. The soils of jinka in southern ethiopia were studied based on the detail works on soil pit. Progress of soil acidity management research in ethiopia. The soil ph was potentiometrically measured in the supernatant.
Studies reported that, cultivation without using specific. Major soil types of ethiopia download scientific diagram. All soils that share a certain set of welldefined properties form a distinctive soil type. They are based on data generated from several series of cropnutrient response trials carried out in ethiopia, both prior to and under the auspices of the optimising fertilizer recommendations for africa ofra project. Soil loss prediction using usle and musle under conservation. Considering the geographic context of the study area, there are a number of theoretical soil. The term, soil profile, is used to describe a vertical crosssection of the soil from its surface down into the parent rock or earth materials from which the soil was formed. Socioeconomic report of bonga, boginda, mankira and the surrounding areas ewnhs 3 i.
Description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in ethiopia by dr. Fao, 2002, soil map of the european communities ecsceeceaec, 1985, and soil atlas of europe ec, 2005. Status of soil resources in ethiopia and priorities for sustainable. In the meantime, try the jar trick and tell us what type of soil youre working with and how youre managing that soil. Accelerated soil erosion by water has been a major threat to crop production in ethiopia hurni, 1993. Mar 17, 2020 part five contained plotlevel data such as the number of plots owned, the number of plots operated in 2017, size of each plot, type of crops grown on each plot, farm activities, yield per crop. Forest type, deciduous versus coniferous also affects soil development because the higher rate of nutrient cycling in deciduous forest retards leaching of basic cations and soil acidification. Sandy soils are one of the poorest types of soil for growing plants because it has very low nutrients and poor in holding water, which makes it hard for the plants roots to absorb water. The aim of this was to explore the possibility of using a smartphonebased system to estimate soil properties in the field, without. Description, characterization and classification of the major soils in. The fao soil map was a very simple classification system with units very broad, but was the first truly international system, and most soils could be accommodated on the basis of their field descriptions. Download scientific diagram major soil types of ethiopia from publication. Response of barley to liming of acid soils collected from different land use systems of western oromia, ethiopia achalu chimdi1, heluf gebrekidan2, kibebew kibret2, abi tadesse3 1wollega university, p.
Response of barley to liming of acid soils collected from. Knowledge of the kinds and properties of soils is critical for making decisions with respect to crop production and other land use types. Survey data on factors that constrain the adoption of soil. The ethiosis project gathered and analyzed soil samples from each of the ethiopias 18,000 agricultural kebeles, cataloging over 100,000 soil samples, to develop soil fertility maps and fertilizer recommendations for each region. The links between soil properties and smartphone imagery were investigated for 273 samples in the halaba area of southwest ethiopia. Soil in ethiopia is highly affected by various constraints. For this, along with the toposequence and landscape, six soil profiles. Stay tuned for our next blog posts, where well discuss how to manage sandy, silty and clay soils and the ideal plants to grow in each soil type. Top down operative stream classification system typology for ethiopian highlands. Studies made in 5 di erent parts of ethiopia also reported that annual soil loss show spatial and. Land resources and socioeconomic report of bonga, boginda.
Soil type is a technical term of soil classification, the science that deals with the systematic categorization of soils. Econometrics model on determinants of adoption and. Soil erosion is the most dangerous ecological process observed in ethiopia, degrading. Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local soil fertility management practices in northwestern amhara, ethiopia 1kehali jembere, 2tekalign mamo and 1kibebew kibret 1school of natural resources management and environmental sciences, haramaya university, dire dawa, ethiopia. It is also to be noted that the success of the project or decision on soil related matter are highly influenced by the availability of information. Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local. Distribution maps of dominant soil orders nrcs soils. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found. Umbric andosols, luvic andosols and molliclithic leptosols were found to be the major soil types. Characterization and classification of soils of abobo area. About 85% of the economically active population lives in rural areas as a subsistence mode of crop and livestock production.
Agriculture remains the mainstay of ethiopias economy. Thus, the transect serves as a model of soil development and soil management in humid western ethiopia. Soil and water conservation in ethiopia springerlink. Soil fertility characterization in vertisols of southern tigray, ethiopia volume 2 issue 1 2015 okubay giday,1 heluf gibrekidan,2 tareke berhe3 1department of soil science, wollo university, ethiopia 2department of soil sciences, haramaya university, ethiopia 3department of rice and teff research advisor, agriculture transformation agency. The ethiopian soil information system ethiosis water.
Yields in farmers fields are three times less than what is recorded in research fields. Soil formation five factors of soil formation rocks parent. This type of soil is very good for the drainage system. Major soil types identified in five districts of the amhara region include luvisols. The first type is composed of euritic nitosols and andosols and is found on portions of the western and eastern highlands. This report demonstrates the importance of constructing the physical and monetary accounts of the land and soil resources of the ethiopia on a continuous basis to formulate appropriate policies. In ethiopia the soil types and spatial distribution maps were prepared since.
Soil classification fao soils portal food and agriculture. Pdf gisbased hydrological zones and soil geodatabase of. Gisbased hydrological zones and soil geodatabase of ethiopia. Nov 12, 2015 the most common form of land degradation in ethiopia is soil erosion by water. Private consultant to the international food policy research institute. Prominent of these are the geomorphology and soils map of ethiopia at 1.
In ethiopia, huge surface areas of the highlands located. Soil health insights from the 2015 ethiopian soil campaign. These soils are formed from volcanic material and, with proper management, have medium to high potential for rainfed agriculture. Economics of land degradation and improvement in ethiopia.
This form of agriculture contributes a large share of the national. Part five contained plotlevel data such as the number of plots owned, the number of plots operated in 2017, size of each plot, type of crops grown on each plot, farm activities, yield per crop. These guidelines are based on the internationally accepted guidelines for soil description. The soils of ethiopia can be classified into five principal types. With a rapidly growing population, ethiopia needs to.
The bmp program for vegetables requires the importance of calibrated soil test. Some soil erosion models estimated soil loss in ethiopia to be as high as 1. Soil acidity associated to al toxicities, soil erosion and soil nutrient depletion are the main soil related constraints to agricultural development in parts of developing countries relying on agricultural to feed their growing population toleraabera et al. Soil science multiple choice questions and answers mcq. A field survey and soil morphological description and laboratory analysis were carried out to describe, characterize, and classify the soils of abobo area, western ethiopia.
Seven representative pedons a1 to a7 were opened and described across the study. Professionals, teachers, students and kids trivia quizzes to test your knowledge on the subject. Agenda status of soil resources in ethiopia overview of ethiopia s soils program 2. Altitude is often employed to study the effects of cli. Soil classification concerns the grouping of soils with a similar range of properties chemical, physical and biological into units that can be georeferenced and mapped. Ethiopia establishes a soil information service based on. Structural stability or resistance of soil to disintegrative forces rain, cultivation, soil swelling, depends on type of organic matter and its changing from low to high cn as a result of microbial breakdown of om. The soil type as conceived by the modern scientist represents the combined expression of all those forces and factors that, working together, produce the medium in which the plant grows. Assessment of adoption behavior of soil and water conservation practices in the koga watershed, highlands of ethiopia a thesis presented to the faculty of the graduate school of cornell university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of professional studies by fikru assefa mengstie august 2009. Considering the geographic context of the study area, there are a number of theoretical soil forming processes that determine the prevailing soil types. Soil erosion soil and water science university of florida. The food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao developed a supranational classification, also called world soil classification, which offers useful generalizations about pedogenesis in relation to the interactions between the main soil forming factors. The article contains information about the traditional soil conservation practices, the reasons for intervention with traditional soil conservation technologies, the historical background of instutionalized soil conservation activities, the institutional.
Soil erosion is indeed considered the most significant environmental challenge to the food security of the population and future development prospects of the country wagayehu 2003. Soil fertility decline is considered as the major cause for decline in percapita food. The funda mental soil types can be described and their capabihties for use can be defined through the interpretation of experimental data and experience. The information and soil maps were developed using soil infrared spectrometry and remote sensing techniques. Distribution maps of dominant soil orders soil orders map of the united states pdf. Soil fertility characterization in vertisols of southern. This study suggests that a soil sequence within a catena requires different management options and land use plans for sustainable land use. Getachew agegnehu ethiopian institute of agricultural research. Impact of altitude and land use type on some physical and.
Soil and fertilizer management for vegetable production in florida 4 accurate fertilizer recommendations for florida soils. In order to prevent soil degradation and to rehabilitate the potentials of. Cascape project capacity building for scaling up of evidencebased best practices for increased agricultural production in ethiopia, in support of. Soils are a very complex natural resource, much more so than air and water. Estimating soil properties from smartphone imagery in ethiopia. Soil erosion is the direct result of the mismanagement of the soil by man in his effort to obtain a living from it1. The aim of this was to explore the possibility of using a smartphonebased system to estimate soil properties in the field, without the need for sampling and laboratory analysis. The soils of jinka in southern ethiopia were studied based on the detail works on soil pit description, characterizing and classification following the fao and usda guidelines. Impact of altitude and land use type on some physical and chemical properties of acidic soils in tsegede highlands, northern ethiopia 224. Ethiopian soils are still very productive as reported by dubale dubale. Box 395, nakemte, ethiopia 2haramaya university, school. Physicochemical characterization of soils for fertilizer. Feeding degraded soils in ethiopia to feed the people and the. And, if youd like to arrange for a soil scientist to visit your classroom, this is the place to make a request.
The ethiopian governments agricultural transformation agency has just launched the soil health and fertility ethiopian soil information system based on the soil health surveillance methods developed by the africa soil information service, which is hosted by the cgiar. Guidelines for development agents on soil and water conservation in ethiopia this introductory chapter describes the aim of this book and how it can be used in the field when you carry out soil and water conservation. Physicochemical characterization of soils for fertilizer recommendations for some districts in benchmaji zone, south west, ethiopia j agri res physicochemical characterization of soils for fertilizer recommendations for some districts in benchmaji zone, south west, ethiopia abitew m1 and 2kebebew s 1horticulture department, debremarkos. Apr 07, 2011 their percentages will be your clue on your soil type. Pdf description, characterization and classification of. Types of soil sandy soil, clay soil, silt soil, and. Econometrics model on determinants of adoption and continued. Report of ethiopias soil campaign 2015 food and agriculture. The food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao developed a supranational classification, also called world soil classification, which offers useful generalizations about pedogenesis in relation to the interactions between the main soilforming factors. Soil degradation in the form of soil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem all over the world especially in developing countries like ethiopia. Topdown operative stream classification system typology for ethiopian highlands.
Fertilizer and soil fertility potential in ethiopia. Mcq quiz on soil science multiple choice questions and answers on soil science mcq questions quiz on soil science objectives questions with answer test pdf. Status of soil resources in ethiopia and priorities for sustainable management gsp for eastern and southern africa mar 2527, 20, nairobi, kenya. If you have any question on soils, soil science, and careers in soil science, this is the place to get answers. Optimization of fertilizer recommendations in ethiopia. The soil loss rate by water ranges from 16 to over 300mgha 1 yr 1 in ethiopia, mainly depending on the degree of slope gradient, intensity and type of land cover and nature of rainfall intensities tamrie, 1995. The fao soil map was intended for mapping soils at a continental scale but not at local scale. Soil and fertilizer management for vegetable production in. Land degradation, owing mainly to poor land management and high population density, is the main cause of ethiopias low agricultural productivity and. Box 395, nakemte, ethiopia 2haramaya university, school of natural resources management and environmental. For example, compare two soils from a biosequence in louisiana that developed in loess. Essp outcome note 06 september 2015 the right fertilizer for.
421 417 1177 995 379 414 716 1544 1514 955 1517 289 141 926 489 926 326 194 1416 1244 159 405 881 1177 355 186 1118 1361 1435 1092 1352 804 67 450 497 613 777 1078 610 1425 60 449 1380